Java operateri: aritmetički, relacijski, logički i još mnogo toga

U ovom ćete uputstvu naučiti o različitim vrstama operatora u Javi, njihovoj sintaksi i kako ih koristiti uz pomoć primjera.

Operatori su simboli koji izvode operacije nad varijablama i vrijednostima. Na primjer, +je operator koji se koristi za zbrajanje, dok *je ujedno i operator koji se koristi za množenje.

Operateri u Javi mogu se svrstati u 5 vrsta:

  1. Aritmetički operatori
  2. Operatori dodjele
  3. Relacijski operateri
  4. Logički operatori
  5. Unarni operateri
  6. Bitovni operateri

1. Aritmetički operateri Java

Aritmetički operatori koriste se za izvođenje aritmetičkih operacija nad varijablama i podacima. Na primjer,

 a + b;

Ovdje se +operator koristi za dodavanje dvije varijable a i b. Slično tome, u Javi postoje razni drugi aritmetički operatori.

Operater Operacija
+ Dodatak
- Oduzimanje
* Množenje
/ Podjela
% Modulo rad (ostatak nakon podjele)

Primjer 1: Aritmetički operatori

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 5; // addition operator System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b)); // subtraction operator System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b)); // multiplication operator System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b)); // division operator System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b)); // modulo operator System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b)); ) )

Izlaz

 a + b = 17 a - b = 7 a * b = 60 a / b = 2 a% b = 2

U gore navedenom primjeru, mi smo koristili +, -i *operatori za izračunavanje zbrajanje, oduzimanje i množenje operacija.

/ Operator divizije

Zabilježite operaciju a / bu našem programu. /Operator je operator podjela.

Ako koristimo operator dijeljenja s dvije cijele brojke, tada će rezultirajući količnik također biti cijeli broj. A ako je jedan od operanda broj s pomičnom zarezom, dobit ćemo da rezultat bude i s pomičnom zarezom.

 In Java, (9 / 2) is 4 (9.0 / 2) is 4.5 (9 / 2.0) is 4.5 (9.0 / 2.0) is 4.5

% Modulo Operator

Operator modula %izračunava ostatak. Kada a = 7se podijeli sa b = 4, ostatak je 3 .

Napomena : %Operator se uglavnom koristi s cijelim brojevima.

2. Operateri dodjeljivanja Java

Operatori dodjeljivanja koriste se u Javi za dodjeljivanje vrijednosti varijablama. Na primjer,

 int age; age = 5;

Evo =operatora dodjele. Vrijednosti s desne strane dodjeljuje varijabli s lijeve strane. Odnosno, 5 je dodijeljeno varijabilnoj dobi.

Pogledajmo još neke operatore dodjele dostupne u Javi.

Operater Primjer Ekvivalentno
= a = b; a = b;
+= a += b; a = a + b;
-= a -= b; a = a - b;
*= a *= b; a = a * b;
/= a /= b; a = a / b;
%= a %= b; a = a % b;

Primjer 2: Operatori dodjele

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 4; int var; // assign value using = var = a; System.out.println("var using =: " + var); // assign value using =+ var += a; System.out.println("var using +=: " + var); // assign value using =* var *= a; System.out.println("var using *=: " + var); ) )

Izlaz

 var koristeći =: 4 var koristeći + =: 8 var koristeći * =: 32

3. Java relacijski operateri

Relacijski operatori koriste se za provjeru odnosa između dva operanda. Na primjer,

 // check is a is less than b a < b;

Ovdje je >operator relacijski operator. Provjerava je li a manje od b ili nije.

Vraća se trueili false.

Operater Opis Primjer
== Jednako je 3 == 5vraća false
!= Nije jednako 3 != 5vraća istina
> Veći od 3> 5vraća false
< Manje od 3 < 5vraća istina
>= Veći od ili jednak 3>= 5vraća false
<= Manje od ili jednako 3 <= 5vraća false

Primjer 3: Relacijski operateri

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 7, b = 11; // value of a and b System.out.println("a is " + a + " and b is " + b); // == operator System.out.println(a == b); // false // != operator System.out.println(a != b); // true //> operator System.out.println(a> b); // false // < operator System.out.println(a = operator System.out.println(a>= b); // false // <= operator System.out.println(a <= b); // true ) )

Napomena : Relacijski operatori koriste se u donošenju odluka i petljama.

4. Java logički operateri

Logički operatori koriste se za provjeru je li izraz trueili false. Koriste se u donošenju odluka.

Operater Primjer Značenje
&& (Logično I) expression1 && expression2 true only if both expression1 and expression2 are true
|| (Logical OR) expression1 || expression2 true if either expression1 or expression2 is true
! (Logical NOT) !expression true if expression is false and vice versa

Example 4: Logical Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // && operator System.out.println((5> 3) && (8> 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) && (8 < 5)); // false // || operator System.out.println((5 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) || (8 < 5)); // true System.out.println((5 < 3) || (8 3)); // false ) )

Working of Program

  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns true because both (5> 3) and (8> 5) are true.
  • (5> 3) && (8 < 5) returns false because the expression (8 < 5) is false.
  • (5> 3) || (8> 5) returns true because the expression (8> 5) is true.
  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns true because the expression (5> 3) is true.
  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns false because both (5 < 3) and (8 < 5) are false.
  • !(5 == 3) returns true because 5 == 3 is false.
  • !(5> 3) returns false because 5> 3 is true.

5. Java Unary Operators

Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1. That is, ++5 will return 6.

Different types of unary operators are:

Operator Meaning
+ Unary plus: not necessary to use since numbers are positive without using it
- Unary minus: inverts the sign of an expression
++ Increment operator: increments value by 1
-- Decrement operator: decrements value by 1
! Logical complement operator: inverts the value of a boolean

Increment and Decrement Operators

Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1, while -- decrease it by 1. For example,

 int num = 5; // increase num by 1 ++num;

Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5.

Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 12; int result1, result2; // original value System.out.println("Value of a: " + a); // increment operator result1 = ++a; System.out.println("After increment: " + result1); System.out.println("Value of b: " + b); // decrement operator result2 = --b; System.out.println("After decrement: " + result2); ) )

Output

 Value of a: 12 After increment: 13 Value of b: 12 After decrement: 11

In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b). We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++).

There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.

To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators.

6. Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,

 Bitwise complement Operation of 35 35 = 00100011 (In Binary) ~ 00100011 ________ 11011100 = 220 (In decimal)

Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit (0 to 1 and 1 to 0).

The various bitwise operators present in Java are:

Operator Description
~ Bitwise Complement
<< Left Shift
>> Right Shift
>>> Unsigned Right Shift
& Bitwise AND
^ Bitwise exclusive OR

These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators.

Other operators

Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.

Java instanceof Operator

The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( String str = "Programiz"; boolean result; // checks if str is an instance of // the String class result = str instanceof String; System.out.println("Is str an object of String? " + result); ) )

Output

 Is str an object of String? true

Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true. To learn more, visit Java instanceof.

Java Ternary Operator

The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,

 variable = Expression ? expression1 : expression2

Here's how it works.

  • If the Expression is true, expression1 is assigned to the variable.
  • If the Expression is false, expression2 is assigned to the variable.

Let's see an example of a ternary operator.

 class Java ( public static void main(String() args) ( int februaryDays = 29; String result; // ternary operator result = (februaryDays == 28) ? "Not a leap year" : "Leap year"; System.out.println(result); ) )

Output

 Leap year

In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator.

Sad kad znate za Java operatore, vrijeme je da saznate i redoslijed kojim se ocjenjuju operateri. Da biste saznali više, posjetite Java Operator Precedence.

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